Why this matters
A baked good sets after gases expand, proteins firm, starches gelatinize, and moisture moves through the batter or dough. Ingredient ratios and pan depth influence all of those events. That is why a casual extra scoop of flour or a much smaller pan can change more than flavor. Measure carefully, then use color, aroma, structure, and temperature as doneness clues.
How to do it
Set a bowl on a digital scale, tare to zero, and add flour to the gram amount in the recipe. Weight avoids the large variation caused by scooping and packing.
What to look, hear, or feel for
The display should return to zero after taring and remain stable on a level surface. Add the last few grams with a spoon.
When something goes wrong
If you overshoot, remove a little with a clean spoon before other ingredients are mixed in. Do not assume every cup of every ingredient weighs the same.
Try it in a real meal
Practice on pancakes, muffins, quick breads, cookies, or one simple yeast dough before making several substitutions.